Prof. B. Z. Abubakar
Area of specialization: | Agricultural Extension, Rural and Community Development |
Email: | |
Phone: | +2347036186460 |
List of Selected Publications
- 1) B.Z. Abubakar, and C.E. Williams (2001). Assessment of people’s participation in social Forestry Activities in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. Vol. 2. No. 2 76-78
- 2) B.Z .Abubakar and B. Garba (2001). Socio-economic impact of wind electricity Conversion on Farmers at Sayya Gidan-Gada Village of Sokoto State: Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy, Vol. 9. Nos. 1&2 76-78.
- 3) Y. Na Allah, B.S. Malami, M. Jibir, B.Z. Abubakar, M. Yakubu, H.G. Ahmad and R.H. Daudu (2004). Sustainable Strategy for Resolving Pastoralist-Farmers Conflicts: A case study of Shamushalle Community in Zamfara Grazing Reserve, Nigeria. H.M. Tukur W.A. Hassan, S.A. Maigandi, J.K. Ipinjolu, A.I. Daneji, K.M. Baba and B.R. Olorede. ISSN: 1596-5570. Sustaining Livestock Production under Changing Economic Fortunes. Proceedings of the Nigerian Society of Animal production held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria between 21st -25th. March. 422-423.
- 4) Abubakar, B.Z. and Ahmed, M. A. (2005). People’s response to Sobo Drink as an alternative to other Soft Drinks: A Case Study of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Community. Bulletin of the 41st Annual Conference of the Science Society of Nigeria Vol. 26. 124-130.
- 5) B.Z. Abubakar, B.A. Gambo, and A. Rabiu (2006). Problems and Prospects of Implementation of Unified Extension Systems: A case Study of Katsina Agricultural and Rural Development Authority. Maiduguri Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Vol. 4. No 1. 61-62
- 6) B.Z. Abubakar, B. A. Gambo, and N. H. Abubakar (2006). The Role of Agricultural Extension Services in Agricultural Development: A case Study of KARDA Zone II, Bunza, Kebbi state. Maiduguri Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Vol. 4, No.2. 67-70
- 7) B.Z. Abubakar, B. A Gambo and S. B. Sahabi, (2006). The Role of NAIC in the Provision of Agricultural inputs and Adoption of Innovations in Kebbi State. A case study of Bunza Local Government Area. Maiduguri Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Vol. 4. No. 2. 89-93.
- 8) Abubakar, B.Z. Yakubu, M. and Olanisebe, A.M. (2006). Constraints and Contribution of Women Farmers to Agricultural Production in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Zuru Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Micheal C. Maduke, Terry, A. Oluwo, Edwin M. Igbokwe, Chris J. Garforth and Musa, A. Dube. ISSN: 1595-1421.Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual National Conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria held at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (3rd -6th April). 112-120.
- 9) Yakubu, M., S.S., Noma, A.A. Malami and B. Z. Abubakar (2006). Socio-economic Survey on the Impact of Sand Dunes in Gidan Kaura Village, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Micheal C. Maduke, Terry, A. Oluwo, Edwin M. Igbokwe, Chris J. Garforth and Musa, A. Dube. ISSN: 1595-1421. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual National Conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria held at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (3rd -6th April). 272-277.
- 10) Yakubu, A.A., B.A. Gambo, B.Z., Abubakar and M. Modibo (2007). Utilization of farmyard Manure among the Farming Communities around Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. H.M. Tukur, W.A. Hassan, A. Singh and A.I. Yakubu, ISSN: 0795-3690. Proceedings of the third National Conference on Organic Agriculture in Nigeria held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. (11 – 15 Nov.).
- 11) Abubakar, B.Z., D.H. Yakubu, J.Y. Fatima and S.A. Abubakar (2009): The Role of Cooperative Societies in Community Development: A Case Study of Agaie Local Government Area, Niger State. I. Muhammad, U.B. Kyiogwom, W.A. Hassan, A.L. Ala, A. Sigh and S.D. Dogondaji. Sustaining Agricultural Growth to meet National Economic Development Goal. Proceedings of the 23rd National Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria, held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. (14th – 17th Dec.). 211-214
- 12) Abubakar, B.Z., A.H. Danmusa and P.G. Kughur (2009). The Role of Extension for Sustainable Maize Production in Danmusa Local Government Area of Katsina State. I. Muhammad, U.B. Kyiogwom, W.A. Hassan, A.L. Ala, A. Sigh and S.D. Dogondaji. Sustaining Agricultural Growth to meet National Economic Development Goal. Proceedings of the 23rd National Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria, held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (14th – 17th Dec.). 261-265.
- 13) Abubakar, B.Z., Ango, A.K. and Buhari, U. (2009). The Role of Mass Media in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State: A Case Study of State Fadama II Development Project. Journal of Agricultural Extension Vol. 13 (2) 42-54
- 14) B.Z. Abubakar, M.A. Maikasuwa, F.J. Yelwa and Y.G. Illo. (2009). Assessment of Training needs of Extension Workers in Sokoto Agricultural and Community Development Project in North West Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. Vol. 5 Nos. 1 & 2, June: 11-16.
- 15) Abubakar, B.Z., M. Muntaka and A.C. Haruna (2009). Assessment of knowledge, Attitude and practice of village Extension Workers (VEWS) in Kebbi State. I. Muhammad, U.B. Kyiogwom, W.A. Hassan, A.L. Ala, A. Sigh and S.D. Dogondaji. Sustaining Agricultural Growth to meet National Economic Development Goal. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Farm Management Association of Nigeria held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. (14th – 17th Dec.). 232-238
- 16) Abubakar B.Z, M. Muntaka and M. Idris (2009) Assessment of Farmers’ Use of Organic Fertilizer Over Inorganic Fertilizer in Katsina Local Government Area, Katsina State. I. Muhammad, U.B. Kyiogwom, W.A. Hassan, A.L. Ala, A. Sigh and S.D. Dogondaji. Sustaining Agricultural Growth to meet National Economic Development Goal. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Farm Management Association of Nigeria held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. (14th – 17th Dec.). 232-238.
- 17) Abubakar, B.Z., Gwammaja, M.Y. Bako, H. and Bala, M. Giginyu (2009). Analysis of Community-Based Participatory Development Project. A Case of Sokoto Agricultural and Community Development Project/International Fund for Agricultural Development (SACDP/IFAD), Dange – Shuni Zone, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Horticultural Society of Nigeria, held at Kano. 455-461
- 18) Mamman Muntaka, and Abubakar, B.Z. (2009). Agricultural Extension Education: A Challenge to National Development in Nigeria (Katsina State Experience) MA Journal of Arts and Social Sciences. Vol. 1, No. 2 June. 42-47
- 19) Muntaka Mamman, and Bello, Zaki Abubakar (2009). Achieving the Millennium Development Goals through Agricultural Extension Education (Katsina state experience). Zobe Journal of Science Vol. 3 (1). 83-88
- 20) Yelwa, F.J. and B.Z. Abubakar (2009). The Role of SACDP/IFAD on promotion of income generating activities among women in Yabo Zone of Sokoto State. Journal of rural research and information Vol. 4(1) 10-15
- 21) B.Z., Abubakar, Muntaka Mamman and Umar A.M. (2010): Effect of Rural-Urban Migration on Rice and Maize Production in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State. Neils, J.S. Khobe, D. Ja’afar-Furo M.R. and Futuless., K.N. ISBN: 9782607-002. Entrepreneurship Development and Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Process: Prospects and Challenges. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Farm Management Association of Nigeria held at Adamawa State University, (11th-14th Oct.) 95-97.
- 22) Abubakar, B.Z., Ango, A.K. and A. Hashim (2010). Role of Non- governmental organizations (NGOs) in community development in Gusau Local Government Area of Zamfara State. Micheal C. Maduke, Terry, A. Oluwo, Edwin M. Igbokwe, Chris J. Garforth and Musa, A. Dube. ISSN: 1595-1421. Challenges to Agricultural Extension Development and Practice in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 15th Annual National Conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria (10-14 May). 39-46
- 23) B.Z., Abubakar, A.D. Isah, A. Yusuf and H. Shuiab (2010). The Role of Extension Service in Tree Planting in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, Vol. 6, 1&2, June 33-40.
- 24) Abubakar, B.Z., U.A. Buhari and J.A. Hussaini (2010). Fish Processing as a Source of income to Women in Argungu Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Neils, J.S. Khobe, D. Ja’afar-Furo M.R. and Futuless, K.N. ISBN: 9782607-002. Entrepreneurship Development and Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Process: Prospects and Challenges. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Farm Management Association of Nigeria held at Adamawa State University, Mubi (11th – 14th Oct.). 221-224
- 25) Olugbenga, J. Ladebo, Bello Z. Abubakar and Comfort O. Adamu (2010). Nigerian Agriculture Workers Outcomes from Perceived Organisational Support and Protestant Work Ethics: Job Satisfaction as a mediator. S.A. Journal of Industrial Pscychology.
- 26) Tyabo, I.S. Oladosu, I.O. and Abubakar, B.Z. (2010). Assessment of the effects of rural-rural migration on the income of migrant farmers in Mokwa Local Government Area of Niger State, Science Focus, an International Journal of Biological and Physical Sciences, Vol. 15, No.2. 257-262
- 27) Abubakar, B.Z., Yakubu, D.H. and Bube, A. (2011). The role of multipurpose co-operative societies in the provision of farm inputs among crop producers in Suru local government area of Kebbi state. Odedina S.A., Osuntade, O.B., Adebayo, K., Awodun M.O. and Fapohunda O.O. Policy and Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria (FAMAN) held at the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure (5th-8th Sept.). 320-324.
- 28) B. Z. Abubakar, H. Shuaibu, A. A. Kamba and M. L. Kangiwa. (2011). Role of Women in Agriculture: A case of Arewa Local Government Area of Kebbi state, Nigeria. W.A. Hassan, U.B. Kyiogwom, H.M. tukur, J.K. ipinjolu, S.A. Maigandi, A. Sigh, N.D. Ibrahim, A.U. Dikko, Y.A. Bashar and N. Muhammad ISBN: 0300.368X. Mobilizing Agricultural research Towards Attaining Food security and Industrial growth in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 45th Annual conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at UDUS between 24th - 28th Oct. 39-43
- 29) Abubakar, B. Z., J.P. Voh, B. F. Umar, S. Khalid and J. Aigbe (2011). Women Participation in Agriculture and Rural Development activities in Balle Community of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Rural Economy and Society vol. 6, 38-42.
- 30) J. O. Owolabi, B.Z. Abubakar and M.Y. Amodu. (2011). Assessment of Farmers (Women) Access to Agricultural Extension, Inputs and credit facility in Sabon-Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Nigeria Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Vol.19 (1):87-92.
- 31) H. Shuaib, A. Umar and B.Z. Abubakar (2011). Assessment of Youths’ Attitude to Agriculture as a Career: A Case Study of Tangaza Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, Vol. 7 No. 1 June 1-7.
- 32) Muhammad H.U., Umar B.F., Abakar, B.Z, and Abdullahi, A. S. (2011). Impact of Fadama II Project on Rural Livelihoods Well-being in Niger State, Nigeria. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension, Vol. 10 No. 3 43-48.
- 33) H.U. Muhammad, B.F. Umar, B.Z. Abubakar and A.S. Abdullahi, (2011). Assessment of factors influencing beneficiary participation in Fadama II project in Niger state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 19 (2): 248-252.
- 34) A.P. Umeukeje, A.L., Ala, B.Z. Abubakar, U. Aliyu and M. Dalhatu (2011). Economics of Groundnut Oil Production among Women in Sokoto South Local Government Area of Sokoto State. W.A. Hassan, U.B. Kyiogwom, H.M. Tukur, J.K. ipinjolu, S.A. Maigandi, A. Sigh, N.D. Ibrahim, A.U. Dikko, Y.A. Bashar and N. Muhammad ISBN: 0300.368X. Mobilizing Agricultural research Towards Attaining Food security and Industrial growth in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria between 24th - 28th Oct. 14-19
- 35) Musa Dalhatu, B.Z. Abubakar and Y. U. Namahe (2011) Contributions of Youth Clubs towards Community Development in Sokoto South Local Government Area of Sokoto State. Bakolori Journal of General Studies, Vol. 4 No. 1 736-739
- 36) Tijjani, H., Tijani, B.A. and Abubakar B.Z. (2011). Determinants of Loan Repayment Rate in the Informal Lending Sub-sector in Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. J.E. Eyo, Joseph Falzon, J. Mohammed Nazand Saari, J.P. Nguemegne and Isaac, Adetunde. Research and Innovation for Sustainable Development: Prospects and Challenges in the third World. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of International Research and Development Institute, Research and Development Network, Vol. 6 No. 4 October. 24-31.
- 37) B.Z. Abubakar, A.B. Aliyu, G. Bukar and T.A. Manga (2012). Problem analysis of rice production in Wurno Irrigation Scheme using participatory approaches. Scientific Journal of Agricultural, 1 (5) 112-116.
- 38) B.Z. Abubakar, A.B. Aliyu and M.A. Junaidu (2012). Youth participation in community development in Birnin-Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi state. Proceedings of the 46th annual Conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at BUK between 5th - 9th Nov. 142-145
- 39) B.Z. Abubakar, A.B. Aliyu and F. Rabe (2012). Role of CBARDP/IFAD on De-Agrarianization and income diversification among women in Sokoto North Local Government Area of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 46th Annual conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at BUK between 5th - 9th Nov. 364-367
- 40) B.Z. Abubakar, J.P. Voh, B.F. Umar, S. Khalid, J. Aigbe and A.B. Aliyu (2012). Women participation in agriculture and rural development activities in Bengaje community of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Agriculture 1 (6) 150-155.
- 41) G. Najamuddeen, B.Z. Abubakar, M.G. Kebbe, A.S. Magaji and S. Ukashatu (2012). Role of co-operative societies in community development in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto state, Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Review 1 (3) 105-110.
- 42) N. Garba, B.Z. Abubakar, M.G. Garba and J.S. Yeldu (2012). Adoption of improved millet varieties by farmers in Argungu local government area of Kebbi state. Scientific Journal of Agricultural 1 (4) 74-79.
- 43) J.O. Owolabi, B.Z. Abubakar, B.F. Umar, S.S. Noma, M.O. Akinola and A. Gona (2012). Adoption of Draught Animal Technology among Small Scale Farmers in Kaduna State. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at BUK, between 5th-9th Nov. pp. 165-167
- 44) S.U. Hassan, B.F. Umar and B.Z. Abubakar (2012). Extent of Social Inclusion of Beneficiaries in Niger State Second National Fadama Development Project. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at BUK, between 5th - 9th November. 256-260
- 45) B.Z. Abubakar, A.A. Barau, M.M. Makinta and A.I. Jega (2013). Adult Education and Change of attitude towards Modern Agricultural Practices. Scientific Journal of Agriculture 2(2) 68-72.
- 46) B. Z. Abubakar, A.A. Barau, Makinta M.M. and A.M. Bashir (2013). Effects of National Food Security Programme on Poverty Reduction among Farmers in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Accepted for publication. American Journal of Agricultural Research.
- 48) Ibrahim, K.K. and Abubakar, B.Z. (2013). Factors Affecting Peoples’ Participation in Community Development: A Case Study of Kontagora Local Government Area of Niger State. Journal of Rural Research and Information Vol. 7 No. 1 33-40.
- 47) B.Z. Abubakar, D.H. Yakubu, F.J. Yelwa and W.M. Saka (2013). Contribution of Non Governmental Organization to Community Development in Bungudu and Tsafe Local Government Areas of Zamfara state. Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN) held at Ibadan. Between 4th – 8th Nov. 828-832
- 49) Ibrahim, K.K. and Abubakar, B.Z. (2013). The Role of Mass Media in Agricultural Extension Service Delivery: A Case Study of IFAD-CBARDP Sokoto. Journal of Rural Research and Information, Vol. 7 No. 1 . 56-60.
- 50) Shuaib, H., Abubakar, B.Z. and Abdullahi, A.A. (2013). Socio-Economic Characteristics of Women and Household Food Security under Fadama II Project in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 10(1) 55-60.
- 51) Shuaib, H., Abubakar, B.Z. Yusuf, H.A. and Abdullahi, A.A. (2013). Attitude of Women Participants to Fadama II Project in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 10(1) 87-90.
- 52) Yakubu, D.H., B. Z. Abubakar, T.K. Atala and A. Muhammad (2013). Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Extension Agents in Kano state, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extensions Vol. 17 (1) 162-173.
- 53) Yakubu, D.H., Abubakar, B.Z. Atala, T.K., Muhammed, A. and Abdullahi, M.K. (2013). Assessing the effects of socio-economic factors on ICTs adoption among extension workers in the north-west zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research and Policy, Vol. 1 (9). 255-269.
- 54) Umar, S., B.F. Umar and B.Z. Abubakar, (2013). Causes of Farmer-Herder conflicts in the Kainji Dam area of Yauri emirate, Kebbi state, Nigeria. Acceptance of proceedings of International Conference on Environmental and Sustainability Agriculture the ICSEA 2013 (Round III).
- 55) B.F. Umar, B.Z. Abubakar, and M. Mamman, (2013). Analysis of attitude to work of agricultural extension agents in Katsina state, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria, held at University of Ilorin, Nigeria (26th – 30th Aug.).
- 56) Muntaka, M., Umar, B.F, and Abubakar, B.Z. (2013). The need for adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in agricultural extension for achieving national development goals. Zobe Journal of Sciences. Vol. 3 (1).
- 57) B.Z. Abubakar, A.A. Barau and W. Idris (2013) Utilisation and Awareness on Health Benefits of Quiat Eggs among Consumer in Sokoto Metropolis. Accepted for Publication in Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Volume 3(4).
- 58) Attahiru, M., B.Z. Abubakar and A.A. Barau (2014) Assessment of Benefits derived from SACD/IFAD through Community based Participatory Projects in Bodinga zone. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. A. Sani, B.Z. Abubakar, D.H. Yakubu, T.K. Atala and L. Abubakar (2014) Socio-Economic factors influencing Adoption of Dual-purpose Cowpea Production in Technologies in Bichi Local government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology 3(4): 257-274, 2014; Article no AJAEES 2014.4.001.
- 59) B.Z. Abubakar, J.P. voh, B.F. Umar, S. Khalid, A.A. Barau and J. Aigbe (2014) Women Participation in Agriculture and rural Development Activities in Kuracciyar-llale and Magonho Communities of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the ICSAEF 2014: International Conference of Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Forestry held in London, United Kingdom between 29-30.
- 60) Umar I., Isah A.D., A.G. Bello and B.Z. Abubakar (2015) Farmers’ Perception on Climate Chang in Sokoto Stat, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research vol. 10(1) ISSN 1991-637X
- 61) B.Z. Abubakar, A.A. Barau, F.J. Yelwa, M.M. Makinta and A.M. Bashir (2016) Effect of National Food Security Programme on Poverty Reduction among Beneficiaries in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol.12 No.1, ISSN 1595-465X.
- 62) G.A. Ubandoma, B.F. Umar, B.Z. Abubakar and S.D. Abubakar (2016) The Effect of Farmers’ Socio economic characteristics on Adoption of Adaptation Measures to Climate Change in the Northan zone of Sokoto state Agricultural Development Project.
- 63) Muhammad, M.B, Abubakar, B.Z. and Umar, B.F. (2017). Evaluation of Adoption of Recommended Improved Rice Production Practices by Small Scale Farmers in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Samaru Journal of Agricultural Education (SJAE) vol.7(2):63-72. Published by Agriculture and Veterinary Complex, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. ISSN 0794-7860.
- 64) Muhammad, M.B., Abubakar, B.Z., Umar, B.F. and Yakubu, D.H. (2017). Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Rice Production Technologies by Rice Farmers in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. 13(1):75-85. Published by Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. ISSN 1595-465X.
- 65) Sidi S.H, Abubakar B.Z, Ango A.K (2017) Assessment of the Effect of Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) on the Output of Dry Season Rice frarmers before and after Scheme participation in Sokoto State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology Vol.2, Issue 5, ISSN:2456-1878.
- 66) Abubakar B.Z., S.H. Sidi, M. Bunza (2018) Assessing the role of Anchor Borrowers’ Programme on Sustainable Livelihood of Beneficiaries in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Proceeding of the 23rd Annual Conference of Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, held at University of Ilorin (April 15-18, 2018).
- 67) Abubakar B.Z., S.H. Sidi, H. Muazu (2018) Assessment of Participation of Rural Women in IFAD Supported Entrepreneurship activities in some selected local government areas of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Proceeding of the 23rd Annual Conference of Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, held at University of Ilorin (April 15-18, 2018).
- 68) Tambari, I.W. and Abubakar, B.Z. (2018) Coping Strategies of Farming Households Affected by 2010 Flood Disaster in Sokoto state, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Development Studies vol. 3 No.1